Scientists Spotlight Peatlands as One of the Most Powerful Climate Solutions

Some of the planet's most powerful climate tools are not towering forests or high-tech machines, but soggy, unglamorous bogs. A paper published in the journal Science in March 2026 makes the case clearly: peatlands are among the most effective climate solutions available, and restoring them could deliver enormous benefits. Despite covering only a few percent of Earth's land surface, peatlands store roughly twice as much carbon as all the world's forests combined.

That extraordinary density comes from the way peat forms. In waterlogged ground, dead plants decay so slowly that their carbon piles up over thousands of years instead of returning to the atmosphere. But when peatlands are drained for agriculture or forestry, the exposed peat begins to oxidise and release that ancient carbon — turning a vast natural vault into a steady source of emissions, and a fire risk besides. Rewetting and restoring them stops the leak and lets the land begin storing carbon again.

“A paper published in the journal Science in March 2026 makes the case clearly: peatlands are among the most effective climate solutions available, and restoring them could deliver enormous benefits.”

The paper quantifies the prize using the idea of climate "wedges," each representing a meaningful slice of global emissions cuts. According to the analysis, led by researcher Dr. Nathan Johnson of Imperial College London, halting drainage and restoring 90% of the world's currently drained tropical peatland — about 18 million hectares, roughly the size of Cambodia — could deliver one full wedge: around 2 billion tonnes of CO2 equivalent avoided each year by 2050.

The hopeful message is that this solution already exists and is ready to scale. "Peatlands cover only a few percent of Earth's land, yet they store twice as much carbon as all the world's forests," Johnson noted. Restoration is not without challenges — it requires careful water management, secure land rights and the engagement of farming communities — but it offers a rare combination of vast climate impact, biodiversity recovery and reduced fire risk. Protecting and rewetting these quiet wetlands, the researchers argue, may be one of the smartest climate investments the world can make.